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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b1-1-422x1024.png 422w, https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b1-1.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce81\uff1a\u6709+\u53f7\u8005\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u3002\u6ce82 ** \u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u53bb\u79fb\u6c11\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u5b58\u91cf\u4e3a\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684104.1%\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u751f\u3002 \u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a Dovelyn RannveigAgunias and Kathleen Newland, Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development ,International Organization for Migration &amp; Migration Policy Institute, 2012<\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u670917\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbe\u7acb\u90e8\u5c5e\u53f8\u3001\u5c40\u7ea7\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff1a \u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e0e\u9ed1\u585e\u54e5\u7ef4\u90a3\u3001\u5e03\u9686\u8fea\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u3001\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u5384\u7acb\u7279\u91cc\u4e9a\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u7eb3\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3002\u673a\u6784\u540d\u79f0\u89c1\u88682\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u88682 \u8bbe\u7acb\u90e8\u5c5e\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784\u7684\u540d\u79f0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3292 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b2-595x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"595\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b2-595x1024.png 595w, https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b2.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u670917\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6709\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u6216\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u76f4\u8f96\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14\u3001\u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u585e\u62c9\u5229\u6602\u3001\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u89c1\u88683<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u88683 \u8bbe\u7acb\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784\u540d\u79f0:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3274 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"557\" height=\"615\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>\u67095\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7ea7\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784: \u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u7d22\u9a6c\u91cc\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u89c1\u88684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u88684 \u8bbe\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7ea7\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784\u540d\u79f0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3275 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/b4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"546\" height=\"267\" \/>\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a \u540c\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u5229\u7528\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u8bbe\u670950\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u3002\u591a\u7c73\u5c3c\u52a0\u3001\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u3001\u9a6c\u5c14\u4ed6\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u51c6\u653f\u5e9c\u4fa8\u6c11\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6709\u4fa8\u52a1\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u88685<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u88685 \u56fd\u5916\u8bbe\u6709\u51c6\u653f\u5e9c\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u6784\u540d\u79f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3343\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"365\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u540c\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7ea6\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u57282005\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u5982\u4f55\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u548c\u671f\u5f85\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5b58\u91cf\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u4e14\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001 \u56fd\u522b\u8003\u5bdf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u82f1 \u56fd<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6b27\u6d32\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6 Massey \u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c1847-1924\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7ea6\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d321900\u5e74\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768412% \u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd1900\u5e74\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768441%\u3002 1853-1913\u5e74\u95f4\u82f1\u56fd\u5411\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 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Robinson \u5728\u5176\u5c31\u804c\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u201c7000\u4e07\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba0\u5927\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6211\u4eec\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee3\u4eba\u201c\u5bb6\u5916\u4e4b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u90bb\u8fd1\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u8fd8\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u67097000\u4e07\u4eba\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u6211\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1999\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5baa\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u51b3\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5ba3\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u5341\u5206\u73cd\u60dc\u5979\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7740\u5171\u540c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u201d\u3002[\u246a]<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u6b64\uff0c2001\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e13\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff08The Task Force on Policy regarding Emigrants\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e2002 \u5e748\u6708\u5411\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u300b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u62a5\u544a\u3002[\u246b]\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u62a5\u544a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8003\u5bdf\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u673a\u9047\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8fd8\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u70b9\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u4e09\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u52a8\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u8bc1.<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u70b9\u653f\u7b56\u76ee\u6807\u5373\uff1a\u4f7f\u51fa\u56fd\u8005\u80fd\u6709\u5145\u5206\u51c6\u5907\uff1b\u4f7f\u6d41\u843d\u4ed6\u4e61\u8005\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff1b\u4f7f\u56de\u5f52\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\uff1b\u4f7f\u5ba3\u626c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6587\u5316\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u505a\u597d\u79fb\u6c11\u79bb\u5883\u524d\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u51fa\u56fd\u540e\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5f52\u56fd\u65f6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5177\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u6709\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u79fb\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u597d\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u56fd\u524d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e13\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u51fa\u56fd\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u8981\u652f\u52a9\u81ea\u613f\u673a\u6784\u4f7f\u5176\u5f97\u4ee5\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u8b66\u793a\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b9a\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u81ea\u613f\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u589e\u8fdb\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5956\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4f5c\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f52\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7acb\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u5173\u6000\u8001\u5e74\u5f52\u4fa8\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u4f4f\u623f\u56f0\u96be\uff1b\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u56de\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6e21\u5047\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e3a\u8001\u4fa8\u6c11\u5b9e\u73b0\u56de\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u7684\u613f\u671b,\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u5f52\u4fa8\u52a0\u5f3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5373\uff1a\u6388\u6743\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5168\u6743\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5c5e\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7f16\u5236\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u9884\u7b97\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2003\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u653f\u7b56\u62a5\u544a\u7ecf\u90e8\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u867d\u6709\u6240\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u4f46\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u5404\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u843d\u5b9e\u30022004 \u5e74\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5df2\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u201d\uff08the Irish Abroad Unit \uff09\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u521d\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u62a5\u548c\u8b66\u793a\u548c\u5ba3\u626c\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u4e1a\u7ee9\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5df2\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7b7e\u7f72\u4eba\u4e2d\u670913\u4eba\u4e3a\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a1929- 1949\u5e74\u95f47\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\u4e2d\u67096\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u9996\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u6d77\u519b\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u548c\u667a\u5229\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u9996\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8111\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u8ff9\u5df2\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u3001\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u3001\u91cc\u6839\u548c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u90fd\u662f\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u540e\u88d4\u66f4\u662f\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u30022003\u81f32006\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u652f\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08Emigrant Support Programme \uff09\u62e8\u6b3e\u5df2\u4ece308700\u6b27\u5143 \u589e\u81f311826 00\u6b27\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ea686%\u7528\u4e8e\u6551\u52a9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c10%\u7528\u4e8e\u6551\u52a9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\u3002\u4ece2007 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u767e\u5c81\u8001\u4eba\u5df2\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u603b\u7edf\u5609\u5956\u3002\u8ba9\u8001\u5e74\u4fa8\u6c11\u665a\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d77\u52a8\uff0c\u56de\u4e61\u5bfb\u6839\u7eed\u8c31\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u66f4\u53d7\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7a7a\u524d\u5bc6\u5207\u4e86\uff0c\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u548c\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u8c61\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u3002\u4e16\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u201c\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u864e\u201d\u65e0\u4e0d\u522e\u76ee\u76f8\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2009\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7978\u53ca\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u7ee7\u51b0\u5c9b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4e5f\u9677\u5165\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6446\u8131\u7a7a\u524d\u4e25\u91cd\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u9664\u5411\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u6c42\u52a9\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u5bc4\u539a\u671b\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u30022009\u5e74 9\u6708\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u5168\u7403\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u575b\u201d\uff08Global Irish Economic Forum\uff09\u9080\u8bf7\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730130\u4f4d\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u88d4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u754c\u548c\u6587\u5316\u754c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u754c\u8981\u4eba\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5171\u5546\u56fd\u4e8b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6446\u8131\u5371\u673a\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u30022011\u5e7410\u6708\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u8d38\u6613\u90e8\u53c8\u8054\u5408\u9080\u8bf740\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684300\u591a\u4f4d\u5404\u754c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u90fd\u67cf\u6797\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u201c\u5168\u7403\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bba\u575b\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u542c\u53d6\u5404\u65b9\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5404\u65b9\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u7ecf\u8d38\u3001\u6587\u6559\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u633d\u56de\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002[\u246c]\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u52a1\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u6267\u884c\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u652f\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08Emigrant Support _ Programme \uff09\u5373\u65f6\u53d1\u653e\u6551\u6d4e\u91d1\u3002[\u246d]<br \/>\n\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u53e3\u53ea\u6709\u6b27\u76df\u4eba\u53e3\u76841%\uff0cGDP\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u6b27\u5143\u533a\u6574\u4f53GDP\u76841.7% \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c0f\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4e89\u9738\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e89\u9738\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u627f\u201c\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u626c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u8270\u82e6\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u8f9b\u52e4\u521b\u4e1a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5168\u7403\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u5730\u81ea\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u6797\u3002\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6240\u505a\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u56fd\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u610f \u5927 \u5229<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u7b56\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5f88\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5c31\u8fd1\u4ee3\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece1861\u5e74\u7edf\u4e00\u65f6\u8d77\u52301976\u5e74\u6b62\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\u6709\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u4e862600\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u51fa\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3002[\u246e]<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u8d2b\u4e4f\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u957f\u671f\u6ede\u540e\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u957f\u671f\u5916\u6d41\u3002\u4f46\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60-70\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9002\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u73b0\u8f6c\u673a\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u663e\u8457\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u6d44\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u79fb\u6c11\u51c0\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5883\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u5b58\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u73b0\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea65700\u4e07\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ea6400\u4e07\uff0c\u800c\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8840\u7edf\u4eba\u4f30\u8ba1\u591a\u8fbe6000-7000\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6765\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u6d41\u5bf9\u5176\u672c\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u6765\u91cd\u89c6\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u9648\u91cc\u7279\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5411\u56fd\u4eba\u505a\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002[\u246f] \u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u8d77\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u5165\u5883\u79fb\u6c11\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5185\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u5185\u9601\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u8bbe\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u53f8\u2019\u548c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5904\uff0c\u8be5\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6269\u5145\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u5904\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u6709\u5173\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6587\u6559\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5165\u5883\u3001\u7b7e\u8bc1\u548c\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb24\u5c0f\u65f6\u503c\u73ed\u7684\u5371\u673a\u5e94\u5bf9\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u5916\u4ea4\u9886\u4e8b\u7f51\u7edc,\u91c7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3345\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-130x90.png 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe1\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u5343\u4eba\u8ba1\uff09\uff081876&#8212;-1981\uff09[\u2470]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u51fa\u5904\uff1a Golini, Birindelli. 1990. \u56fe\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u8868\u793a\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\uff0c+++\u8868\u793a\u79fb\u6c11\u56de\u5f52.<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u548c\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\uff08Citizenship law\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u610f\u5927\u5229\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e7410\u6708\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u7ed9\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u4fdd\u75596\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u4fdd\u755912\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u4fa8\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<br \/>\n2001\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u5bc4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4eb2\u81ea\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u548c\u516c\u6295\u3002<br \/>\n\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u516c\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u5728\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u6216\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6295\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u636e\u7edf\u8ba11950\u5e74,\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u793e\u56e2\u603b\u6570\u4e3a3755\u4e2a\uff0c1970\u5e74\u589e\u81f35857\u4e2a\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u9f13\u52b1\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u57283000\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u5185\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08COMTE\uff09\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u534f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4fa8\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bbe\u6b63\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u79d8\u4e66\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u7b49\u804c\uff0c5\u5e74\u4e00\u5c4a\uff0c\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1989\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u603b\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\uff08General Council of Italians abroad\uff0c CGIE\uff09\u8be5\u4f1a\u753195\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d65\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7531\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a8\u4e3e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u5b98\u5458\u5916\uff0c7\u4eba\u51fa\u81ea\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c9\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\uff0c1\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u56fd\u62a5\u4e1a\u8054\u76df\uff0c1 \u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u62a5\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\uff0c1\u4eba\u6765\u81ea\u8fb9\u533a\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4fa8\u6c11\u603b\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c18\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u56e2\u7ed3\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c2000\u5e7412\u670811-15\u65e5\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Conference of Italians abroad\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u9664676\u4f4d\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c169\u4f4d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u672c\u571f\u4ee3\u8868\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709380\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u81f4\u5f00\u5e55\u8f9e\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u4f1a\u6388\u4e88\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5f3a\u9886\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u52a9\u5404\u5730\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u610f\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u5357\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u65b0\u897f\u517027\u56fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8bae\u5458\u591a\u8fbe349\u4eba\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u6b64\u6b21\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u56fd\u8bae\u5458\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u591a\u8fbe166\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u957f\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u56fd\u4f1a\u526f\u8bae\u957f\u7b49\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\u5efa\u7acb\u7531\u73b0\u4efb\u4e0e\u7f37\u4efb\u8bae\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u8bae\u5458\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u5c45\u4f4f\u56fd\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u5c45\u4f4f\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u4f1a\u904a\u8bf4\u56e2\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u8bae\u5458\u5c31\u66fe\u529d\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u610f\u5927\u5229\u51fa\u4efb\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e74\u670812\u6708\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u9996\u5c4a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9886\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u52b3\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3001\u5546\u5bb6\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u9886\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a8\u9500\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u56fd\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u89c6\u6d77\u5916\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u6d77\u5916\u793e\u7fa4\u5f00\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u8272\u7684\u6587\u5316\u827a\u672f\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u8d39\u652f\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u6709\u5956\u507f\u5236\uff08Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity \uff09\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u505a\u51fa\u8fc7\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u4ea7\u65f6\u4e0e\u56fd\u4eba\u540c\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5c31\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u9986\u9886\u53d6\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u8d22\u653f\u7a0e\u6536\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f18\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\u3002[\u2471]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5747\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u8fbe19278\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u7b49\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e03\u5f3a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ca\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6ca1\u6709\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u89c6\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u53d1\u6325\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u666e\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5de7\u7528\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u3002[\u2472]<\/p>\n<p>\u6cbf\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7b49\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u8fc7\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u8870\u843d\u4e86\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u624d\u4e58\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u673a\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5b58\u91cf\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u91c7\u53d6\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u89c6\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6258\u5168\u7403\u6027\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u7559\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4fa8\u6c11\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u8bc9\u6c42\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u822c\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u501f\u52a9\u4fa8\u52a1\u63d0\u5347\u56fd\u5bb6\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u529b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8f6f\u5b9e\u529b\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5370 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\u7845\u8c37\u5730\u533a\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4eba\u5747\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u8fbe20\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5168\u7f8e\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5e74\u8d2d\u4e70\u529b\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e3a200\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[26]\uff081\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u5927\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e2d\u5df2\u5148\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc73\u4f4d\u603b\u7edf\uff0c3\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\uff0c68\u4f4d\u90e8\u957f\u548c250\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u66fe\u67094\u4f4d\u5370\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4e0b\u9662\u8bae\u5458\uff0c11\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u5458\uff0c3\u4f4d\u6b27\u6d32\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7ea7\uff0c\u5df2\u6709250-300\u4f4d\u5370\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u82f1\u5370\u5730\u65b9\u8bae\u5458\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\uff08British-Indian Councillors Association\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5341\u591a\u4f4d\u5f53\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5e02\u957f\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u67096\u4f4d\u5370\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5370\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4ebaUjjal Dosanjh \u5219\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u7684\u603b\u7406\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5370\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u4f17\u4e24\u9662\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662435\u4e2a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5230118\u4f4d\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u51b3\u7b56\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u201d\uff08India Caucus \uff09\u3002[27]<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5370\u5ea6\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08diaspora\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u6df1\u60c5\u5730\u6000\u5ff5\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e61\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5370\u5ea6\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6027\u201d\uff08Indianness\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u4e3a\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u5168\u9762\u5982\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf8\u591a\u5bf9\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u5feb\u843d\u5b9e\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c2003\u5e741\u67089-11\u65e5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u5de5\u5546\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u9996\u5c4a\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8282\u66a8\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5956\u9881\u5956\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u8282\u65e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u591a\u8fbe61\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u76841904\u4f4d\u56fd\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\u548c1200\u56fd\u5185\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5e74\u4f1a\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7406\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u4e3a10\u4f4d\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u58eb\u9881\u5956\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u76db\u4f1a\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5168\u7403\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u5168\u7403\u5370\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7edd\u597d\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u4f17\u4e86\u89e3\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u8bc9\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6bcd\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u671f\u671b\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\uff0c2004\u5e745\u6708\u5370\u5ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\u3002\uff08 Ministry of Non-Resident Indians&#8217; Affairs\uff09 \u540c\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0a\u53f0\u7684\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u4e3a\u8868\u660e\u5176\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u90e8\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\uff08the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs \uff09\uff0c\uff08MOIA\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\uff08NRI\uff09\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u52a0\u5165\u5916\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u8840\u7edf\u4eba\uff08PIO\uff09\u3002\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc5\u901f\u96c6\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5c06\u539f\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4fa8\u6c11\u53f8\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53f8\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f52\u5e76\u5230\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u540d\u5185\u9601\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\uff08Cabinet Minister\uff09 \u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bbe&#8221;\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u53f8&#8221;\uff08Diaspora Services Division\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u53f8\uff08Emigration Services Division\uff09\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d22\u52a1\u53f8\uff08Financial Services Division\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u53f8\uff08Management Services Division\uff094\u4e2a\u53f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8be5\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6210\u7acb\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\u5404\u4e2a\u53f8\u5df2\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c:[28]<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u5728\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09 \u4ece2003-2012\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u5df2\u4e3e\u529e\u4e8610\u5c4a&#8221;\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8282\u66a8\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5956\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece2007\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6d77\u7259\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7684\u5fb7\u73ed\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7b49\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e3e\u529e\u5c0f\u578b\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8282\u65e5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff08mini PBD\uff09 \u4ee5\u6269\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\u8bc1\u201d\u53d1\u653e\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Overseas Citizens of India OCI\uff09\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u524d\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u4e86\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u6839\u636e\u603b\u7edf\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed9\u4e88\u5370\u4fa8\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5370\u4fa8\u53c2\u9009\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5b50\u5f1f\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5370\u5ea6\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5bfb\u6839\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8 \u5927\u529b\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff085\uff09\u5148\u540e\u4e0e\u5c3c\u8d6b\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7b7e\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u6218\u7565\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff086\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u5987\u5973\u5a5a\u59fb\u6551\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u7ea6500\u4e07\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6c47\u56de\u5370\u5ea6\u8d61\u517b\u5bb6\u5ba4\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u91cf\u768440-45%\u3002\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u53f8\u7ec4\u5efa\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5236\u8ba2\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b0\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u4fee\u65391983\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5408\u6cd5\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5370\u5ea6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u76d1\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u52b3\u5de5\u62db\u52df\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u4eba\u8d29\u5b50\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8d70\u79c1\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u5236\u6b62\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08the Indian Council for Overseas \uff09 \u6478\u6e05\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u5bfb\u627e\u673a\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\uff08Overseas Workers Resource Centre \uff09\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u4f17\u516c\u5e03\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u884c\u60c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u51fa\u56fd\u52b3\u52a1\u8005\u514d\u53d7\u4eba\u8d29\u5b50\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u76d8\u5265\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff085\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\uff08\u201cIndian Community Welfare Fun \uff09\uff08ICWF\uff09\u201d\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u4f7f\u56e2\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u6551\u6025\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff086\uff09\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd\u3001\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u3001\u4e5f\u95e8\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7b49\u52b3\u5de5\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u52b3\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08bilateral Memoranda of Understanding\uff09\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff087\uff09\u4e0e\u4e39\u9ea6\u7b49\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u5de5\u6d41\u52a8\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53cc\u8fb9\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\uff08Labour Mobility Parnership and Bilateral Social Security Agreements\uff09\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u52b3\u52a1\u4f9b\u9500\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u53cc\u65b9\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff088\uff09\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u7b7e\u7f72\u201c\u4e9a-\u6b27\u52b3\u52a1\u5bf9\u8bdd\u89c4\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u5728\u5f15\u8fdb\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u8d44\u3001\u5370\u667a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u534f\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Overseas Indian Facilitation Centre\uff09\uff08OIFC\uff09\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u8d44\u7684\u6d41\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u7403\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Global-Indian Network of Knowledge\uff09 \uff08GLOBAL-LNK\uff09\u5f15\u8fdb\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u865a\u62df\u667a\u5e93\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u624b\u6bb5\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u5370\u5ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5370\u5ea6\u7b2c11\u4e2a\u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff082007-2012\uff09\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9886\u57df\u548c\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5370\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u201d\uff08India Development Foundation of Overseas Indians \uff09\uff08IDF\uff09\u52a0\u901f\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u7531\u603b\u7406\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u5168\u7403\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Prime Minister`s Global Advisory Council\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u638c\u63e1\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u5728\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u8bbe\u7acb\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3001\u963f\u5e03\u624e\u6bd4\u548c\u5409\u9686\u5761\u4e09\u4e2a\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Overseas Indian Centers\uff09\u6df1\u5165\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u7c7b\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u7b79\u5efa\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201c\u80af\u5fb7\u62c9\u201d\uff0c\uff08 Prvasi Bharatiya Kender\uff09 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Program,1942-1964\uff09\u5438\u5f15\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u52b3\u5de5\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\u65e5\u6e10\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u81f31960\u5e74\u5df2\u8fbe450\u4e07\u4eba\u30021964\u5e74\u8be5\u5ba2\u5de5\u6761\u7ea6\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u518d\u5c31\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u9042\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u201d,\u4efb\u5176\u81ea\u6d41\u30021986\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b0\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\uff08Immigration Reform and Control Act\uff09\u4f7f300\u4e07\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5 \u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11,\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\uff09\u53d7\u6b64\u79fb\u6c11\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u7684\u523a\u6fc0,\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece1980\u5e74\u7684870\u4e07\u731b\u589e\u81f31990\u5e74\u76841340\u4e07\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c47\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u65e5\u76ca\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7f8e\u53cc\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e88\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c1988\u5e74\u4e0a\u53f0\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u603b\u7edf\u6c99\u6797\u7eb3\u65af\uff08Carlos Salinas \uff09\u4e8e1990\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5883\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c4\u5212\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08the office for the Program of the Mexican Communities Abroad \uff08\u897f\u8bed\u5b57\u9996\u4e3aPCME \uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u9886\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u529b\u5ea6\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7ee7\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u4f50\u5730\u7f57\uff08Ernesto Zedillo\uff09\u57281996\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u5e76\u53d6\u6d88\u5883\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u53c2\u52a0\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u30022000\u5e74\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u4eba\u798f\u514b\u65af\u603b\u7edf\uff08Vicente Fox\uff09\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb`\u201c\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u7edf\u529e\u516c\u5ba4&#8221;,\uff08the Presidential Office for Mexicans Abroad\uff08O P M E \uff09\u59d4\u4efb\u4e00\u4f4d\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u4e3a\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u6267\u610f\u6253\u7834\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u5916\u7c4d\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5404\u5730\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u793e\u56e2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u798f\u514b\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u7f8e\u58a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u671f\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u8c08\u5224,\u4ee5\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5e73\u7b49\u5171\u7ba1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u5236\u3002 \u5f53\u65f6\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u610f\u8fbe\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46 9.11\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8c08\u5224\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64 \uff0c\u798f\u514b\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u91c7\u53d6\u5355\u65b9\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8e2003\u5e74,\u5148\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5957\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7531\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u81ea\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4e3a\u4e66\u8bb0\u7684\u201c\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u793e\u533a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\uff08Consejo Nacional para las Comunidades Mexicanas en el Exterior \u2013Council for the Mexican Communities Abroad\uff09\uff08CNCME\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u6784\u3002\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7531\uff11\uff11\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7edf\u7b79\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u65b9\u9488\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u6b64\u524d\u7684 PCME \u548c OPME \u4e24\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5408\u5e76\u7ec4\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff08Institute of Mexicans Abroad \uff09\uff08IME\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u673a\u6784\uff08IME\uff09\u8bbe\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u6d3e\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u9a7b\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u768450\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u201cIME \u8c18\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Consejo Consultivo del IME \u2013Advisory Council of the IME -the Consultative\u3000Council of the IME\uff09\uff08CCIME\uff09.\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u51fa\u7684\uff11\uff12\uff15\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u7684\uff11\uff10\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9080\u8bf7\u768410\u540d\u7279\u7ea7\u987e\u95ee\u4ee5\u53ca\u79fb\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u533a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u8bc9\u6c42,\u786e\u4fddIME\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u5e7f\u5927\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3348 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe3\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u51fa\u751f\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u636e\u4eba\u53e3\u6700\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u768415\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u533a<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9488\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6267\u884c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u201c\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff08IME\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u4e3b\u8981\u505a\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a[34]<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3349 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"457\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe4\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u5206\u5e03\u56fe<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u52bf\u901a\u62a5\u4f1a\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u5411\u5883\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u901a\u62a5\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5883\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c31\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065\u3001\u4fa8\u6c47\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f81\u6c42\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u7269\u8272\u79fb\u6c11\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u624d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u201d\uff08Laos\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u673a\u5173\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u520a\u7269,\u5373\u65f6\u5411\u5883\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53cd\u6620\u56fd\u5185\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u798f\u514b\u65af\u603b\u7edf\u6bcf\u5468\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7535\u5b50\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u5411\u5883\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53d1\u8868\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u5176\u8c08\u8bdd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u768435\u4e2a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u4f20\u8fbe\u523098%\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u8282\u76ee\u6536\u89c6\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\u805a\u96c6\u533a\u7684\u897f\u8bed\u7535\u53f0\u548cFiesta Mexicana 1460 WVOX \u7535\u53f0\u5468\u516d\u8282\u76ee\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u542c\u4f17\u64ad\u9001\u3002\u9a7b\u7ebd\u7ea6\u603b\u9886\u9986\u6bcf\u5468\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u7535\u53f0\u6709\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u8282\u76ee\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u89e3\u7b54\u542c\u4f17\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece2005\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u9a7b\u7f8e\u768446\u4e2a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u5ba4\u5747\u8bbe\u6709\u95ed\u8def\u7535\u89c6\uff0c\u64ad\u653e\u6765\u8bbf\u8005\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e24\u56fd\u5065\u5eb7\u5468\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\uff08Bi-National Health Weeks\uff08BHW\uff09<br \/>\n\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u79fb\u6c11\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u3001\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5de5\u4f24\u4e8b\u6545\u9891\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ecd\u670956%\u4eab\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669,47%\u7684\u4eba\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6551\u52a9\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u673a\u6784,\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u5728 2001\u5e74 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2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u670917\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u6b64\u7c7b\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u67dc\u53f0\u201d\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u79fb\u6c11\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u79fb\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u89c4\u5212 \uff08Educational Programs \uff09<br \/>\n\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u6c11\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u5173\u952e\u30022007\u5e74\uff0c\u5728 920\u4e07 25\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c60%\u7684\u4eba\u672a\u83b7\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6587\u51ed\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0cIME \u628a\u5b9e\u65bd\u79fb\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u89c4\u5212\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u4e3a\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u5b66\u751f\u968f\u7236\u6bcd\u8de8\u56fd\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u58a8\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\uff0cIME 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%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u52b3\u5de5\u5206\u4e3a\u9646\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u9646\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8005\u7ea6\u536079%\uff0c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8005\u4e3a21%\u3002\u4e24\u7c7b\u52b3\u5de5\u5408\u8ba1\u7ea6\u5360\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u52b3\u529b\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ece2006\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6bcf\u5e74\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5100\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u4e3a\u5973\u5de5,\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u6301\u6709\u5b66\u9662\u6587\u51ed\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52b3\u5de5\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u3002[36]<\/p>\n<p>\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5927\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u5931\u4e1a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u7f3a\u5c11\u52b3\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4ea7\u6cb9\u56fd\u6781\u9700\u52b3\u5de5\u5f00\u5c55\u57fa\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u4e58\u673a\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1974\u5e74\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u52b3\u5de5\u6cd5\u4ee4,\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\u52302006\u5e74\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5e74\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\u75311975\u76843\u4e076000\u4eba\u589e\u81f32006 \u5e74\u7684100\u4e07\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e8625\u500d\u3002\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u52b3\u5de5\u5df2\u8d70\u904d\u4e16\u754c190\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u6d77\u5458\u5df2\u5360\u5168\u7403\u6d77\u5458\u768430%.[37]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3350 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/a5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"357\" \/><br \/>\n\u79fb\u6c11\u524d5\u540d\u56fd\u5bb6 1. \u6c99\u7279 2. \u963f\u8054\u914b 3. \u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a 4. \u82f1\u56fd 5. \u65e5\u672c<br \/>\n\u56fe5 \u52302007\u5e74\u5e95872\u4e07\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u5206\u5e03\u6bd4\u4f8b<br \/>\n\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u52a8\u5927\u519b\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e88\u4ee5\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u65e9\u57281980\u5e74\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u653f\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u5728\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u7f72\u201d\uff08Overseas Worker`Welfare Administration [OWWA]\uff09\u30021982\u5e74\u53c8\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6d77\u5916\u5c31\u7f72\u201d\uff08Philipine Overseas Employment Administration [POEA]\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6d77\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u30021995\u5e74\u53c8\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8b\u52a1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63f4\u52a9\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Office of the Legal Assistant for Migrant Workers Affairs [OLMWA]\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u5de5\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e24\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff08 Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Resource Centres [MWOFRC] \uff09\u5c31\u5730\u53ca\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6c38\u8fdc\u79fb\u6c11\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8fd8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08 Commission on Filipinos Overseas [CFO]\uff09\u7531\u526f\u603b\u7edfTeofisto T. Guingona\uff0cJR\u51fa\u4efb\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u505a\u4e3a\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4fa8\u6c11\u624b\u518c\u300b\u516c\u5e03\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4f18\u5f85\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u81f32005 \u5e74\u300a\u624b\u518c\u300b\u5df2\u53d1\u884c\u7b2c7 \u7248\u3002[38]<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u521d\u5c31\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u52a1\u8f93\u51fa\u9010\u6b65\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5236\u8f68\u9053\u30021995\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b2c8042\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5373\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4fa8\u6c11\u673a\u6784\u5982\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8b\u52a1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u30022003\u5e748\u6708\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b2c9225\u53f7\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5df2\u7531\u963f\u7f57\u7ea6\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u5b57\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u8bfa\u603b\u7edf\u4e0d\u4f46\u79f0\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u4ee3\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57281988\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86276\u53f7\u544a\u793a\uff08Proclamation No,276\uff09 \u5ba3\u5e03\u6bcf\u5e7412\u6708\u4e3a\u201d\u83f2\u4fa8\u6708\u201d\uff08 Month of Overseas 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\/>\n[\u2460] \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u53f2\u3001\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[\u2461] \u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u662f\u6563\u5c45\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e5f\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c<br \/>\n\u60c5\u51b5\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u62df\u53e6\u505a\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p>[\u2462] \u4e18\u7acb\u672c\uff1a\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b0\u52a8\u5411\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c2\u30014\u671f\u3002<br \/>\n[\u2463] Alan Gamlen, Diaspora Engagement Policies: What are they, and what kinds of states use them ?<br \/>\nCOMPAS Working Paper No.32, University of Oxford. 2006.<br \/>\nDovelyn RannveigAgunias and Kathleen Newland, Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas<br \/>\nin Development , International Organization for Migration &amp; Migration Policy Institute 2012,<br \/>\n[\u2464] Massey, Douglas S. \u201cPatterns and Processes of International Migration in the 21st Century\u201d,<br \/>\nPaper prepared for Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective, Johannesburg, June 2003.<br \/>\n[\u2465] BBC: Brits Abroad.<br \/>\n[\u2466] Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew, Brits Abroad\uff0cMapping the Scale and Nature of British Emigration, Executive summary IPPR. 2006.<br \/>\n[\u2467] Mirjam van het Loo, Susanna Bearne, Pernilla Lundin, Hans Pung Amanda Scoggins Miriam Shergold, International Review of Consular Services Vol.II. Rand Europe. 2005.<br \/>\n[\u2468] Tim Finch with Holly Andrew and Maria Latorre, Brits Abroad, Making The Most of British Diaspora , Executive Summary and Recommendation IPPR. 2010.<br \/>\n[\u2469] Kingsley Aikins, Dr Anita Sands, Nicola White, The Global Irish Making a Difference Together, The Ireland Funds. 2009.<br \/>\n[\u246a] Walter, B. Gray, B., Almeida Dowling, L. And Morgan, S., A Study of Existing Sources of Information and Analysis about Irish Emigrants and Irish Communities Abroad. 2002. p.26.<br \/>\n[\u246b] Ireland and the Irish abroad : Report of the Task Force on Policy regarding Emigrants to the Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minmister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Brian Cowen,T.D. 2002. http:\/\/www.dfa.ie\/uploads\/documents\/task<br \/>\n[\u246c] The Report of the Second Global Irish Economic Forum. 2011. www.globalirishforum.ie.<br \/>\n[\u246d] Emigrant Support Programme http:\/\/www.dfa.ie\/home\/index.aspx?id=292<br \/>\n[\u246e] Daniela Del Boca Alessandra Venturini, Italian Migration Institute for the Study of Labo IZA DP No.938 2003. http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp938.pdf<br \/>\n[\u246f] \u9648\u91cc\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u300b,\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u53d1\u884c\uff0c1936.<\/p>\n<p>[\u2471] \u4e0a\u8ff0\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\u89c1\uff1aThe Italian Diaspora, in Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora. 2002. p.322-325. http:\/\/www.moia.gow.in Hans Jorgen Helms (ed), Democratic Rights of European Expatriates. 2004. p.15-20. www.euromondenet<br \/>\n[\u2472] Marina Murat, Barbara Pistoresi and Alberto Rinadi,Transnational social capital and FDI evidence from Italian associations worldwide Marina. 2011.<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/www.jed.or.kr\/full-text\/36-4\/1.pdf<br \/>\n[\u2473] Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs\uff0cAnnual Report. 2008-09. www.moia.gov.in.<br \/>\n[21] \u53c2\u89c1\uff1aK. Laxmi Narayan, Indian Diaspora: A Demographic Perspective. 1994. http:\/\/www.uohyd.ernet.in\/sss\/cinddiaspora\/occ3.html. N. Jayaram, The Study of India Diaspora A Multidisciplinary Agenda. 1998. http:\/\/www.uohyd.ernetin\/sss\/cinddiaspora\/occ1.htm1.<br \/>\n[22] Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Annual Report 2007-2008.<br \/>\n[23] K. 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Songco\uff0cInternational labor migration and remittances in the Philippines. 2009. http:\/\/www.adb.org\/documents\/events\/2009\/poverty-social-development\/WG1C-remittances-decline-phi-Songco-paper.pdf<br \/>\n[37] Margarita R. Songco, International labor migration and remittances in the Philippines. 2009.<br \/>\n[38] Commission on Filipinos Overseas, Handbook for Filipinos Overseas (6th Edition ). 2002. 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